[Three types of the Eighteen Touches]

A Preliminary Exploration of "Eighteen Touches"
"Eighteen Touches" is a popular folk song, seemingly familiar to everyone, but whether anyone can actually sing 　　it in its entirety
is questionable. As the name suggests, "Eighteen Touches" should have at least eighteen verses
, but currently, folk artists can only sing fewer than eighteen. Professor Yang Zhaozhen, in his
book "A Study of Nine Tunes and Eighteen Melodies in Hakka Folk Songs," only collected sixteen verses. The "
Hakka Folk Song Textbook," published by the Taoyuan County Hakka Folk Song Research Promotion Association and edited by Mr. Lin Zhongzheng, includes the same verses, noting that "the following two verses are lost
." Is it truly lost? Are there still handwritten copies in the folk tradition? Perhaps someone even remembers all the lyrics? In short
, unless the lost parts reappear, it can only be considered lost.
My own learning process for Hakka folk songs usually involves first learning the melody, then the lyrics. The reason is that I learned the erhu (a two-stringed bowed instrument) from a young age 　　,
and initially I mostly learned so-called "string poems," such as "Nine Linked Rings," "Liu's Bride," "Grandma Huang, " "Opening the Golden Fan," and "Opening the Door," which seemed to have only melodies and no lyrics. So when I listened to songs, I always paid attention to the intonation first. 　　 As for folk songs, my father thought they were "cattle-herding songs" sung by cowherds, and he would never teach me to sing them, even though 　　I herded cattle all day long. The only song he seriously taught me was "The Twelve Ancient People." 　　 As for "Eighteen Touches," I did hear him sing it a few times, but it seemed to be only a few sections. At the time, I 　　asked him how to sing the rest, but I never got an answer. 　　 The structure and content of "Eighteen Touches" 　　 The entire song "Eighteen Touches" consists of twenty-nine measures, each with two beats. The lyrics are as follows (taking the first section as an example): 　　 Stretch 　　 out your hand (first line) 　　 Touch your sister (second line) 　　 Touch your sister's head Oh, aiyo (third line 　　 ) The osmanthus fragrance on your sister's head (fourth line) This 　　 is a langdang (fifth line) 　　 Aiyo (sixth line) 　　 Aiyo (seventh line) Aiyo 　　 (eighth line) 　　 Aiyo (ninth line) Aiyo (tenth line) 　　 This is a langdang (eleventh line) 　　 Aiyo (twelfth line) 　　 Of the above twelve lines, only the first four lines actually have meaningful words; the lines from the fifth line onwards are all rhyming. This is the same in each section 　　. The second line is also the third and fourth lines, and the only parts that will actually change are "on the head" and " 　　the fragrance of osmanthus on the head," which is only eight characters in total. So it should be a song that is both easy to sing and easy to remember. With this understanding 　　, let's now arrange the sixteen sections that have been passed down: 　　 1. Head – The head smells of osmanthus. 　　 2. Hair – The hair is round and black. 　　 3. Bulging head – The bulging head welcomes the immortals. 　　 4. Bun – The bun is round and full. 　　 5. Sideburns – The sideburns point upwards. 　　 6. Forehead – The forehead shines brightly 　　 . 7. Eyebrows – The eyebrows curve at both ends. 8. 　　 Eyeballs – The eyeballs look upwards. 　　 9. Nostrils – The nostrils smell good. 　　 10. Lips – The lips are red. 　　 11. Chin – The chin connects to the upper chin. 　　 12. Ears – The ears can hear clearly. 13. Neck 　　 – The neck is clean. 　　 14. Shoulders and neck – The shoulders and neck connect upwards. 　　 15. Hands – The hands are white as bamboo shoots. 　　 16. Backpack – The backpack is good for scratching. 　　 The 　　above sixteen sections each begin with three characters describing the body part touched, and the last five characters describe the sensation of touch. 　　Most of these sensations are visual, like "round black hair" or "welcoming the immortals"; some are olfactory, like the fragrance of osmanthus; and some refer to functions 　　, such as "a pleasant nose," "able to hear clearly," or "itchy claws." Looking at the order of the sections, sections one through five describe the hair, 　　sections six through twelve describe the head, and sections thirteen and below extend to the neck, shoulders, hands, and back. Clearly, this song describes 　　the process of caressing. It's worth noting that all the "side" characters mentioned above do not mean "beside," but "this side." Furthermore, 　　 let's look at another 　　 version of "Eighteen Touches." If "Eighteen Touches" truly describes the process of caressing, then there must be more than eighteen body 　　parts. Therefore, let's examine what the early Taiwanese version of "Eighteen Touches," sung in Hokkien, was like. 　　The second volume of the Taiwan Materials Series published in Japan in 1920, "Taiwan Customs and Traditions 　　" by Kataoka Iwa, includes this Hokkien song, which is transcribed below: Beat 　　 the drum fast, beat the gong slowly, stop the gong and stop the drum to listen to the song. All sorts of idle talk, also singing. Listen to me sing the Eighteen Touches (four lines): 　　 Reach out and touch the sister's face. Dark clouds fly halfway across the sky. Reach out and touch the sister's forehead. Full and captivating (eight lines): 　　 Reach out and touch the sister's hairy face. Hairy hair spreads out outside. Reach out and touch the sister's small... Black eyes, white eyes, looking (12 lines) 　　 Reach out and touch sister's little nose, a needle burning, a little steam rising outwards. Reach out and touch sister's little mouth, baby-like eyes, smiling slightly (16 lines) 　　 Reach out and touch sister's chin, each point is sharp, each point is sharp, a dagger in front of her chest. Reach out and touch sister's ear, her head is protruding, her ears are swinging (20 lines 　　 ) Reach out and touch sister's shoulder, her shoulder is the same age as mine. Reach out and touch sister's ribs, her ribs are curved, her arms are wrapped around her shoulders (24 lines) 　　 Reach out and touch sister's little hair, it's bigger than a wool brush. Reach out and touch sister's chest, my chest is closed (28 lines) 　　 Reach out and touch my sister's palm, the palm is curved on both sides. Reach out and touch my sister's nipples, they are like steamed buns. (32 lines) 　　 Reach out and touch my sister's big belly, it is like a rice paddy. Reach out and touch my sister's small belly, the small belly is soft and closes my eyes. (36 lines) 　　 Reach out and touch my sister's navel, it is like the fat navel of yesteryear. 　　 Reach out and touch my sister's buttocks, it is like big white cotton. (40 lines) Reach out and touch my sister's thighs, they are like white winter melon. Reach out and touch my sister's white knees, they are like a plow ox pulling mud. ( 44th line) 　　 Reaching out to touch my sister's calves, I can't push them away, I can't push them away. Reaching out to touch my sister's small feet, her small feet are so delicate, they touch my shoulder. (48th line) 　　 Touching her all over her body, I've touched both sides, touching the middle, the left side flat, touching the right side like a shuttle, touching her head. (52nd line) 　　 One move to the east, one move to the west, the sorghum becomes a swallow's nest, the needles are like needles, the 　　 thorns are like a loom weaving a shuttle. (56th line) One move to the left, one move to the right, cold in the middle, only the warm family fire is there, the beard drinks liquor, her body is as white as jade. (60th line)

Opening palms, leaning against the edge of the basin, like a bearded man drinking soup, your buttocks are as big as a millstone, half a catty of sesame wine (sixty-four lines).
Willow trees are planted on both sides, horses and boats travel in the middle, small paths are opened on both sides, and in the middle, there is a vegetable and melon shed (sixty-eight lines).
When the old man hears the Eighteen Touches, he also experienced it when he was young. When
the young man hears the Eighteen Touches, he is greedy for flowers day and night and cries for his wife (seventy-two lines). When I heard the Eighteen Touches, I slept on my pillow and cried for my wife
. When the monk heard the Eighteen Touches, he lifted his disciple and called for his brother (seventy-six lines). When the nun heard the Eighteen Touches, she slept until midnight and had no choice but to listen to you young people who also greedily seek flowers and wives (eighty lines
). When she was half asleep, she saw her heart move, rubbed her five fingers up and down, and flicked them up and down. Business was booming and lively (eighty-four lines)
. This song is entirely in seven-character lines, totaling eighty-four lines. Structurally, it can be divided into three parts:
(I) Opening remarks: that is, the first four lines.
(II) Main Text: From the fifth line, "Reaching out to touch the silk on my sister's face," to the sixty-eighth line, "A vegetable
shed can be built in the middle.
" (III) Ending: From the sixty-ninth line, "The old man heard the eighteen touches," to the end.
Since the entire song lyrics are all in seven-character lines, the singing style should be quite different. Leaving aside the opening and ending parts
, in the main text, before the forty-eighth line, it is all two lines per stanza, and the first line is equivalent
to the first to third lines of the Hakka "Eighteen Touches," such as: "Reaching out to touch the silk on my sister's face—Reaching out my hand, touching my
sister, touching my sister's head, oh, oh." If the latter three lines are condensed into: "Reaching out to touch my sister's head
," then the sentence structure may be the same. Conversely, the former one line can also be extended into three lines, then
filler words must be added. The structure of the second line of each section also differs from the Hakka version. For example, "Dark clouds flew across half the sky" and
"A full forehead is addictive" are all seven characters different, while the Hakka version only changes the five characters starting with "Ah-jie".
Let 's now
arrange
them, look at their connotations, and compare them:
1. Face edge - Dark clouds flew across half the sky
2. Front of the head - A full forehead is addictive
3. Eyebrows - Scattered outside, wide in the middle
4. Small eyes - Black eyes, white eyes
5. Small nose tip - Slightly burning, looking outwards
6. Small mouth - Baby eyes, smiling slightly
7. Lower corner - Lower corner is pointed in front of the chest
8. Ear side - Protruding head, ears swinging
9. Shoulders - Shoulders are the same age as me
10. Side bends - Side bends embrace shoulders
11. Little hair - Better than a wool brush
12. Chest - My chest fits your body
13. Palm - Palm bends on both sides
14. Nipples - Freshly steamed buns, unique 15. Big belly - Like a rice paddy 　　 16. Small belly - Soft small belly fits your eyes 　　 17. Navel -
Looks like Maitreya's navel 18. 　　 Buttocks - Like fluffy white cotton 　　 19. Thighs - Looks like winter melon, white and silky 　　 20. White knees - Looks like a plow ox pulling mud 　　 21. Small eyes - Cannot be turned away, cannot be opened 　　 22. Small feet - Small feet delicately on your shoulders 　　 "Lost both sides, touched the middle" The above elaborates, there are at least twenty-three sections. 　　Compared with the sixteen sections preserved by the Hakka people, only sections 1 to 9, plus section 13, are in the same location, totaling ten sections, the rest are extras. 　　However, the first four sections of the Hakka version are not found in the Hokkien version of "Eighteen Touches". 　　 As for the feeling of touch, except for the fifth section, it all appeals to sight. However, because seven characters can be changed, the variations 　　are naturally more numerous, and there are many metaphorical sentences, which is quite rare. But from a concise perspective, the Hakka 　　version is superior. 　　 V. Conclusion 　　 Based on the foregoing, several conclusions can be drawn: 　　 (I) "Eighteen Touches" is a folk song passed down among the Hakka people, but there is also a Hokkien version of "Eighteen Touches". 　　Although the singing styles are different, the content is very similar. 　　 (II) From the lyrics, "Eighteen Touches" describes the process of caressing. 　　 (III) "Eighteen Touches" can have more than eighteen sections. 　　 (IV) By comparing with the Hokkien lyrics, the lost content can be roughly understood. 　　 Newly Released "Eighteen Touches, New Song 　　 " (Published by Xiamen Bowenzhai Bookstore) 　　 The drum beats fast, the gong sways slowly, then the gong stops and the drum is stilled, listen to the song 　　. 　　I won't sing any idle talk, just listen to my song, "Eighteen Touches 　　. " 　　Reaching out, I touch her temples, dark 　　clouds obscuring half the sky 　　. Reaching out, I touch her forehead, full and captivating 　　. Reaching out, I touch 　　her eyebrows, scattered outwards, wide in the middle 　　. 　　Reaching out, I touch her small, dark eyes, gazing at her lover 　　. Reaching out, I 　　touch her small nose, hot breath escaping her lips 　　. 　　Reaching out, I touch her small mouth, cherry-like lips, smiling continuously 　　. 　　Reaching out, I touch her chin, pointed and delicate, resting on her chest 　　. 　　Reaching out, I touch her ears, her hairpins swaying like swings 　　. 　　Reaching out, I touch her shoulders, shoulders as wide as her lover's 　　. Reaching out, I touch her ribs, curved and swaying 　　, 　　supporting her lover's shoulders 　　. Reaching out to touch my sister's little hands, they're stronger than a wool brush 　　! 　　Reaching out to touch my sister's chest, her breasts are so soft and full of life 　　! 　　Reaching out to touch my sister's ribs, her ribs are curved on both sides 　　! 　　Reaching out to touch my sister's breasts, even freshly steamed buns aren't like this!

Reaching out to touch her big belly, it looks like a rice paddy
.
Reaching out to touch her small belly, it's soft and cozy
. Reaching out to touch her navel 　　,
it looks like an old man
.
Reaching out to touch her buttocks, it looks like a swaying barley stalk
.
Reaching out to touch her thighs, they look like a winter melon
. Reaching out to touch her knees, they
look like a plowed field covered in mud
. Reaching out to touch her
calves, they look like a fist
.
Reaching out to touch her little feet, her toes pointing towards her shoulders
. Touching
her whole body, then 　　her head and shoulders. Touching her left and right,
she 　　looks 　　like a swallow's nest 　　. Her pointed head and jujube-like body is like 　　a 　　weaver's shuttle 　　. 　　Touching her left and right, her cold hands touch her warm body 　　. A handsome man with a fine beard drinks strong liquor. The eldest sister is as white as jade 　　. 　　Her feet are on the edge of a basin, and she drinks soup 　　. 　　Her buttocks are as big as three loads of sesame seeds scattered on one side 　　. 　　Willow trees are planted on both sides, and horses and boats can travel through them 　　. 　　Two roads are laid out on both sides, and a stage can be built in the middle 　　. The old man heard the "Eighteen Touches" and touched 　　them 　　in his youth 　　. The young man heard the "Eighteen Touches" and indulged in womanizing day and night, even prostituting himself for a wife 　　. The widow heard the "Eighteen Touches 　　" 　　and touched her pillow, crying for her wife. The monk heard the " 　　Eighteen Touches" and embraced his disciple, calling him "brother 　　. 　　" The nun heard the "Eighteen Touches" and slept until midnight, helpless 　　. 　　She slept until midnight, her heart stirred, and she only touched her hand a few times 　　. 　　You young men who hear this will all become womanizers and seek wives 　　. 　　This song ends here; no more words are needed 　　. 　　Please be kind and send her away to her bustling business 　　. Newly Engraved Eighteen Touches Song (Non-Hokkien) 　　??? 　　??? Beat the drum fast, sway the gong slowly, stop the gong and stop the drum to listen to the song 　　??? 　　??? Don't sing any idle talk, listen to my song of eighteen touches 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch sister's temples, dark clouds cover half the sky ??? ??? Reach out and touch sister's head, 　　her forehead 　　is full and loves to kill 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch sister's eyebrows, scattered outwards, wide in the middle 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch sister's 　　small eyes, see dark daggers, eyes that are immediately visible 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch sister's small nose, hot breath comes out 　　??? ??? Reach out and touch sister's small mouth, 　　cherry lips 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch sister's chin, chin chin, daggers 　　on her chest 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch sister's ears, hairpins swinging ??? ??? Reach out and touch sister's eyebrows, as wide as arms 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch sister's limbs, limbs curved, limbs curved, hugging 　　??? 　　??? Reaching out to touch her little hands, they're softer than a wool brush 　　. 　　Reaching out to touch her chest, her breasts are so tight they seem to fit against her body 　　. Reaching out to touch 　　her ribs, 　　her ribcage is like a dagger on either side 　　. Reaching out to touch her breasts, they're like steamed buns, perfectly round 　　. 　　Reaching out to touch her big belly, it looks like a beautiful flower growing in the fields 　　. Reaching out to touch her little belly, it's soft 　　and 　　pliable, like a sleeping belly 　　. Reaching out to touch her navel, it looks like 　　a beautiful old woman 　　. 　　Reaching out to touch her buttocks, it looks like a big, round flower. 　　Reaching out to touch her thighs, they look like a big 　　, 　　round winter melon. Reaching out to touch her knees, they look like they've been plowed and dusted 　　. 　　Reaching out to touch her calves, they're like little fists 　　. 　　Reaching out to touch her little feet, her little toes are like eyebrows 　　. 　　I've touched her whole body, and now I'm lost in thought 　　. 　　I'm touching her with one hand, and touching her with the other, I'm touching her 　　head 　　. Touching east, touching west, sister, sorghum swallow's nest 　　??? 　　??? Two sharp daggers, jujube sticks, good camera, craftsman weaving shuttle 　　??? 　　??? Touching left, touching right, cold hands, touching sister, hot things 　　??? 　　??? Good-looking beard, drinking liquor, eldest sister, white as hair 　　??? 　　??? Two feet on the edge of the basin, good-looking beard, drinking soup

My sister's buttocks are as big as the sky, like three loads of sesame wine on one side 　　.
Willows
grow on both sides, where horses and boats can pass
.
Two treadmills line both sides, where a net can be laid out.
Even
if she earns a few coins, she worries as much as ten thousand
.
If not for her sons and daughters, why does she suffer so much
?
Mother looks at father, father looks at mother, why is her face always so yellow
?
She only worries about her children getting married, her brows furrowed in sorrow
.
Every inch, every thread, she thinks, who can fit even half a thread straight
?
Even if the meaning of the poem could be fully described, it would only be vaguely understood
.
When you grow up, you must know the bitterness of owing your mother, and you must be filial to your parents
.
If you still give birth to an unfilial son, it's like raising a beast
.
The song ends here, no more words, let's move on
. Eighteen Touches Lyrics
:
Beat the drum fast, beat the gong slowly
.
Stop the gong and drum, listen to the song
.
All kinds of idle talk are also 　　sung
.
Listen to my eighteen touches (four lines)
:
Reaching out to touch the side of her face
...
Dark clouds have flown across the sky
...
Reaching out to touch the front of her head
...
Her forehead is full and inviting (eight lines)
:
Reaching out to touch her pubic hair
...
Hair is spread out on the outside and spread in the middle
... 　　Reaching out to touch her
small eyes
...
Black eyes, white eyes (twelve lines)
: Reaching out to touch her small nose 　　... 　　Slightly burning 　　... 　　Reaching out to touch her small mouth 　　... 　　Baby eyes, smiling gently (sixteen lines) 　　: 　　Reaching out to touch her chin 　　... 　　Chin is on her chest 　　... 　　Reaching 　　out to touch her ear 　　... 　　Her head and ears are swaying (twenty lines) 　　: 　　Reaching out to touch her shoulder 　　... 　　Shoulders are the same age as mine 　　... 　　Reaching out to touch her ribs 　　... My limbs bend and embrace my shoulder (24 lines) 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my little hair 　　??? 　　??? Better than a wool brush 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my chest 　　??? 　　??? My chest fits into your body (28 lines) 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my palm 　　??? 　　??? My palm bends on both sides 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my nipples 　　??? 　　??? Freshly steamed buns look different (32 lines) 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my big belly 　　??? 　　??? □ Like a rice paddy 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my little belly 　　??? 　　??? My little belly is soft and fits my eyes (36 lines) 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my navel 　　??? 　　??? Just like the plump navel of yesteryear 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my buttocks 　　??? 　　??? Like a big white cotton ball (40 lines) 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my thigh 　　??? 　　??? Like a winter melon with white silk threads 　　??? 　　??? Reach out and touch my white knees 　　??? 　　??? A good ox pulls the plow through the mud (44 lines) 　　Reaching 　　out to touch my sister's calves 　　Don't push them away, don't let them go 　　Reaching 　　out 　　to touch my sister's little feet 　　Little feet delicately rest on my brother's shoulder (48 lines) 　　Touching 　　her all over Her body 　　Touching 　　both sides Touching the middle 　　Left 　　side 　　Touching the baby 　　Right 　　side Touching the head (52 lines)

???
??? One move to the east, one move to the west
???
??? On the surface, sorghum becomes a swallow's nest
??? ???
Both sides are covered with needles and thorns
??? ???
Like a weaver's shuttle (56 lines)
??? ???
One move to the left, one move to the right
???
??? In the cold, only a hot fire
???
??? Good look, a beard drinking liquor
???
??? The body is white as jade (60 lines)
???
??? Open palms leaning on the edge of the basin
???
??? Good look, a beard drinking soup
???
??? Your buttocks are as big as a millstone
???
??? Half a catty of sesame wine (64 lines)
???
??? Plant willow trees on both sides
???
??? Horses and boats travel in the middle
???
??? Parting the small paths on both sides
???
??? In the middle, there is a vegetable and melon shed (68 lines)
???
??? The old man hears the eighteen touches
???
??? He also experienced it in his youth
???
??? The young man hears the eighteen touches
???
??? He is greedy for flowers day and night and cannot sleep.
[
Note] The first two are taken from the Hokkien folk song book "Gezai Ce" in Han Dian, and the last one is a general rewrite.
[End]

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[Three types of the Eighteen Touches]

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