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[History of the Song Dynasty Palace] [56] [Author: Xu Muxi] 

    page views:1  Publication date:2023-03-24  
Chapter Fifty-Six: The Wrongful Imprisonment, the Empress's Rebirth, the Crown Prince
, and the Virtuous Consort's Ascension to the Throne. It is said that Consort Liu, harboring resentment towards Empress Meng, desired to eliminate the Empress, both to exact revenge and to seize the position of Empress. She plotted day and night with the eunuch Hao Sui and several trusted eunuchs, but found no way to act and could only wait for an opportunity. Some time later, Empress Meng's daughter, Princess Fuqing, contracted a strange illness. The physicians' treatments were utterly ineffective. Empress Meng had an elder sister who was skilled in medicine; this sister had cured Empress Meng of her illness during childbirth. Therefore, she frequently entered and exited the palace without any restraint. Recently, due to the abundance of gossip within the palace, she feared suspicion and had not entered the palace for a long time. Empress Meng, preoccupied with the princess's serious illness, disregarded these matters and summoned her to the palace to treat the princess. However, after taking the medicine, it was like pouring hot water on a stone—no improvement whatsoever.
Empress Meng's sister grew anxious and went out of the palace to inquire about renowned physicians to treat her niece. Someone told her, "A new Taoist priest has arrived in the capital. He is skilled at writing talismans to cure diseases and has the miraculous ability to bring the dead back to life. No one who has been treated by him has ever been unwell." At her wit's end, she disregarded the risks and went to ask the Taoist priest for a talisman. She also inquired about how to use it and brought it to the palace to tell Empress Meng. Before she could finish speaking, Empress Meng exclaimed in alarm, “How can this be allowed? Doesn’t your sister know the rules for entering and leaving the palace? The most taboo thing in the palace is witchcraft and curses. Since ancient times, countless people have been falsely accused because of this. How can we let people draw talismans and chant curses as casually as commoners? If people find out and start slandering us, what will become of us! We must hide it away quickly.” Her sister also realized her mistake and hurriedly said, “Hiddening it away is not appropriate either. Since it is of such importance, many people saw it when I brought it into the palace. Now, even the maids and eunuchs serving me know about it. If word gets out, it might become true. Besides, I’ve heard that there are many people in the palace who are at odds with you lately and are looking for trouble to play on you. If we hide it away, wouldn’t that be a case of 'no private matter, no harm'? It would be better to explain it clearly to the Emperor. If there is any blame, it is because I brought it in, and I will take responsibility.” Empress Meng also deeply agreed with this suggestion.
The very next day, Emperor Zhezong visited the Empress's palace. Empress Meng explained the situation, but Zhezong was unperturbed, saying, "This is only human nature. She simply loves her niece and wants her to recover quickly, so she did this." Upon hearing this, Empress Meng hurriedly ordered a eunuch to bring her a talisman, which she burned in front of him, thinking that her intentions were clear and that everything was fine. However, rumors were already circulating in the palace, saying that the Empress was skilled in witchcraft. Adding to this, Empress Meng fell ill, and her foster mother, Lady Yan, wanted to pray for her daughter. She arranged for the nun Faduan of the Sanmiao Nunnery to chant scriptures and perform repentance rituals to pray for Empress Meng's well-being, the removal of misfortune, and the early birth of a crown prince. Before the rituals were completed, Consort Liu learned of them and sent someone to consult with Zhang Dun, instructing him to inform Emperor Zhezong that Empress Meng harbored ulterior motives and used sorcerers to cast curses. Zhang Dun was in cahoots with Consort Liu, who promised him that once he became Empress, he would enjoy wealth and honor for generations. Zhang Dun also deeply resented Empress Xuanren and wanted to eliminate Empress Meng. Without witnesses in the palace, he could frame Empress Xuanren to avenge his past grievances. Therefore, this proposal was exactly what he wanted, and he readily agreed to take on the task, instructing Consort Liu to secretly assist him.
That evening, Emperor Zhezong entered the palace, and the eunuch Hao Sui reported that the Empress was performing a witchcraft ritual, warning of potential internal strife. Emperor Zhezong was still skeptical. The next morning at court, Zhang Dun reported that the Empress was performing a ritual at the Sanmiao Temple. Suspicion arose in his mind, and he immediately ordered the Imperial City Guard to arrest more than thirty eunuchs and concubines at the temple. He ordered Liang Congzheng, a palace guard, and Su Gui, an officer from the Imperial City Guard, to interrogate them. Liang and Su, acting on Consort Liu's orders and instigated by Zhang Gui, abused their power and subjected the women to torture and humiliation. Empress Meng was known for her leniency towards her subordinates, and the eunuchs and concubines, grateful for her kindness, would rather break limbs than falsely accuse her. Su and Liang, however, insisted on false confessions from them.
These people retorted with insults and curses. Liang and Su were enraged! They ordered the tongues to be cut out, but in the end, there were still no confessions. Liang and Su had to fabricate confessions and submit them back to the emperor. Emperor Zhezong ordered the censor Dong Dunyi to review the cases of the prisoners. Dunyi, upon receiving the order, interrogated the prisoners. Seeing them enter the court, all were on the verge of death and unable to speak. Overwhelmed with sorrow, he found it difficult to write. Hao Sui, fearing that Dunyi would overturn the verdict, rushed to see him, saying, "Do you know the origin of this case? I'm afraid you can't save them, and you won't even be able to save your own life. I advise you to think about your descendants and family." Startled by this, Dunyi, fearing for his own safety, had no choice but to go against his conscience and submit the original verdict back to the emperor. Emperor Zhezong then issued an edict deposing Empress Meng and ordering her to reside in Yaohua Palace, where she was given the title of Master of Huayang, Immortal Master of Jade Purity and
Serenity, with the Dharma name Chongzhen. This occurred in the third year of the Shaosheng era, in the first month of winter. Suddenly, the weather turned hot, with overcast skies and thunder and hail. Dong Dunyi, feeling uneasy, submitted another memorial claiming that he had been ordered to review the prisoners and had hastily returned, fearing errors that would offend the world and future generations. He requested that a capable official be dispatched to re-examine the case before making a final judgment.
After reviewing the documents, Emperor Zhezong said, "Dunyi is fickle and unpredictable; I truly do not understand him." The next day, at court, he instructed his ministers, "Dong Dunyi is unruly and should not be allowed to remain in the inner circle of officials." Zeng Bu said, "Your Majesty, due to a serious case within the palace, had it investigated by close associates, which may be unreliable. Therefore, you ordered Dunyi to be re-examined. Now, suddenly demoting the investigating official, how can you gain the trust of those both inside and outside the court?" Emperor Zhezong then abandoned the plan to have an heir, and also regretted it, saying, "Zhang Dun misled me and ruined my reputation. Therefore, the position of Empress is vacant, and there is no news of a successor for a time." Consort Liu thought that since Empress Meng had been deposed, she could finally be made Empress, and she had been eagerly hoping for this for a long time. She only managed to be promoted one rank and become
a Virtuous Consort. The treacherous minister Zhang Dun then used the pretext of framing members of the Yuanyou faction to exile Lü Dafang, Liu Zhi, Su Zhe, Liang Tao, and Fan Chunren to Lingnan; Han Wei and thirty others were all demoted.
Dafang was already old and could not endure the hardship. He was escorted to Xinfeng, where he died. Liu Zhi and Liang Tao, both exiled, died from illness caused by worry and overwork. Only Fan Chunren prepared for his journey, departing with a cheerful demeanor. His colleagues said he was fond of fame. Fan Chunren replied, "I am nearly seventy years old and blind. How could I willingly be banished to such a remote place? It is only out of love for the emperor that I have unfulfilled aspirations. If I were to avoid the suspicion of seeking fame, I fear I would betray the court and incur further punishment." Upon arriving at his place of exile, he remained cheerful and content, thus preserving his life. Zhang Dun then said that Cheng Yi and Sima Guang were in cahoots, and Cheng Yi was sent to Fuzhou to be placed under the supervision of local officials. Cai Jing and others vehemently echoed this, even claiming that Liang Tao and Liu Zhi intended to rebel and that their entire families should be exterminated. Emperor Zhezong said, "Why go to such lengths for the Yuanyou faction?" Cai Jing replied, "They are not without such intentions, but they have not shown any signs of it." Originally, because Liang Tao and Liu Zhi were already dead, their sons were instead exiled to Lingnan.
Fearing that the Yuan You faction might one day rise again and seek revenge, Zhang Dun spent countless hours conspiring with Cai Jing, Hao Sui, and other treacherous officials to eradicate the threat completely. They decided to go all in and even remove Empress Xuanren from the palace. However, such a serious matter required fabricated evidence. Therefore, they ordered Hao Sui to spread rumors within the palace, claiming that the Empress Dowager had repeatedly tried to harm Emperor Zhezong during his childhood, and later, during the Yuan You era, she had conspired with Sima Guang to depose him. They claimed that a trusted eunuch who had served the Empress Dowager at that time witnessed these events and could serve as evidence. Zhang Dun immediately reported to Emperor Zhezong, saying, "Of the eunuchs who served Empress Yiren, only Chen Yan and Zhang Shiliang remain. Chen Yan has been demoted to Zhuya for committing a crime and cannot come immediately; Zhang Shiliang is currently in Chenzhou and can be summoned immediately." Emperor Zhezong granted the request.
Soon after, Zhang Shiliang was indeed summoned to the capital. Zhang Dun, fearing he would not comply, refused to allow him to enter the palace to see the emperor, instead ordering Cai Jing and An Dun to interrogate him first. Cai Jing and An Dun sat high in the hall, with knives, saws, and cauldrons placed nearby, creating a very stern appearance. They then summoned Zhang Shiliang and loudly asked, "If you say there is any word, you can be reinstated." Saying this, they took out the imperial edicts and other documents from their sleeves and placed them on the table, saying, "Immediately give you the edicts to take up your post.
If you say there is no word," they pointed to the knives, saws, and cauldrons beside them, saying, "Please taste this." Zhang Shiliang looked up to the sky and cried out, "The Empress Dowager cannot be falsely accused, Heaven and Earth cannot be deceived! Shiliang would rather suffer torture than confess falsely!" "Cai Jing and An Dun used every means to intimidate Shi Liang, but he refused to comply. Having exhausted all other options, Cai Jing and his associates reported that Chen Yan and Zhang Shi Liang had sown discord between the two palaces, expelled ten eunuchs including Liu Yuan who had followed the emperor, and were plotting to eliminate the emperor's trusted advisors and to commit treason, thus deserving of death. Emperor Zhezong, in his delirium, actually approved the report.
Zhang Dun and Cai Jing then drafted an edict on their own and presented it to the emperor for review, proposing to demote Xuanren to commoner status."
Emperor Zhezong harbored resentment towards Empress Dowager Xuanren, yet hesitated to proceed with the proposed plan, feeling uneasy. While he remained indecisive, two palace maids, aware of the situation and remembering the kindness shown to Empress Dowager Yiren, felt a pang of sadness and went to the corridor to wipe their tears. A eunuch named Li Chengren, passing by, noticed them and asked what had caused their sorrow. The maids explained their plight. Li Chengren, having received favors from Empress Dowager Yiren, was quite astute and said, "Since that's the case, what good is your pointless weeping? Before the edict is sealed, quickly inform the Empress Dowager; there might be a chance to salvage the situation." The two maids readily agreed and hurried into Longyou Palace. However, the Empress Dowager, suffering from a relapse of her old liver and stomach ailment, was lying in bed. The two maids dared not disturb her, and could only gasp and turn back to try and leave. Unexpectedly, the Empress Dowager was not asleep and had already seen the two men rushing in and then retreating. She immediately questioned them, "What has happened that has caused such a commotion?" The two palace maids had no choice but to stop and kneel down, explaining the situation. Upon hearing this, the Empress Dowager was saddened and said, "Isn't this rebellion?" She then sat up from under the brocade quilt, ordering two eunuchs to help her, intending to personally confront Emperor Zhezong. However, the palace maids and eunuchs around her, while advising the Empress Dowager not to go out, rushed off to summon Emperor Zhezong. Emperor
Zhezong, hearing of the Empress Dowager's anger, was also alarmed and hurriedly ran into the palace to see her.
Upon meeting, the Empress Dowager immediately asked, "I heard that the court is debating the Grand Empress Dowager and reducing her to a commoner. Is there such a thing? I served in the Chongqing Palace when Heaven was on my side. How could I have left any words about being deposed or installed? I was ill and lying in bed when I suddenly heard this, which has made my heart pound. I should not interfere in external affairs, but when Xuanren was alive, how kind and loving she was to the Emperor. If she is treated like this now, will I still be here in the future? Why not depose her while I am still here, to avoid trouble later?" As she spoke, she was both angry and saddened, and tears streamed down her face. Emperor Zhezong initially smiled obsequiously, repeatedly saying he dared not, but seeing the Empress Dowager's state, he shed tears. He quickly helped her up and escorted her to bed, then sat by the bedside, thinking, "The Empress Dowager has never been so angry before. This must be a fabrication. I almost fell for Zhang Dun's trick. Besides, such a thing is not something a descendant should do." He hurriedly ordered his attendants to bring the draft edict, tore it up himself, and threw it into the fire to burn before taking his leave. Hao Sui already knew about this and rushed to inform Zhang Dun and Cai Jing. The two were still not satisfied, and the next morning at court, they submitted another petition, insisting on its implementation. Before Zhezong had even finished reading it, he flew into a rage, saying, "Don't you want me to be enshrined in the Temple of Emperor Yingzong?" With that, he tore the petition up and threw it on the ground, and the two dared not mention it again.
Two days later, they changed the subject, contacted many of their cronies, and petitioned to make Consort Liu the Empress. It turned out that Consort Liu, ever since deposing Empress Meng, had been eagerly awaiting her ascension to the throne. Because Emperor Zhezong deeply regretted his decision, three years had passed without a successor. Consort Liu, filled with longing, flattered him relentlessly, but to no avail. She then instructed her eunuchs Hao Sui and Liu Youduan to contact Zhang Dun and Cai Jing, petitioning both inside and outside the palace, but to no avail. Consort Liu was consumed by worry and anxiety. Her only hope lay in the fact that none of the concubines had borne children; if she could give birth to a son, the position of empress would naturally be hers. Sure enough, her wish came true; Consort Liu became pregnant and prayed fervently for a son. When the tenth month was over, she gave birth to a prince. This joyous occasion was extraordinary; Consort Liu was overjoyed, and Emperor Zhezong was immensely pleased! Consequently, petitions for Consort Liu to be made empress were submitted throughout the palace, with several memorials being presented daily. Emperor Zhezong then ordered the officials of rites to prepare the necessary ceremonies and formally establish Lady Liu as Empress.
Zuo Zhengyan (a high-ranking official) Zou Hao alone submitted a memorial remonstrating against the appointment, arguing that Lady Liu, having competed for favor with Empress Meng and thus being deposed, was absolutely unfit to succeed as Empress. Upon seeing this memorial, Emperor Zhezong addressed Zou Hao directly, saying, "This has happened before in previous dynasties. Didn't Emperor Zhenzong establish Lady Liu in the same way?" Zou Hao replied, "The virtuous policies of our ancestors should be emulated in many ways. Your Majesty has failed to follow these examples and is instead focusing on minor flaws; I fear this will inevitably lead to criticism in future generations." Upon hearing this, Emperor Zhezong's expression changed, and he remained silent. After Zou Hao left, Emperor Zhezong, feeling hesitant, sent the original memorial to the Secretariat for reconsideration. The matter of establishing and deposing the Empress had originally been spearheaded by Zhang Dun, and now that it was complete, how could he tolerate Zou Hao's attempt to obstruct it? He vehemently rebuked Zou Hao for his arrogance and requested severe punishment. Emperor Zhezong then dismissed Zou Hao from his post and exiled him to Xinzhou. The Right Vice Minister of the Ministry of Personnel, Huang Lü, remonstrated, saying, "Hao was deeply grateful for Your Majesty's favor in offering his advice, yet now you wish to put him to death. From now on, none of the officials in the court will dare to discuss gains and losses with Your Majesty again. I beg Your Majesty to grant him a better post, so as not to betray his loyalty." Emperor Zhezong did not heed his advice and instead sent Huang Lü to be the prefect of Haozhou.
Initially, Tian Hua, a native of Yangdi, was a cousin of the former Deputy Privy Councilor Tian Kuang and was a close friend of Hao. During the Yuanfu era, Tian Hua entered the capital to oversee the city gates and often said to Hao, "What official position do you hold? Are you still serving as a lowly official?" Hao replied, "I will speak out when I have the chance, and try my best to repay your kindness." When the court decided to establish Empress Liu as the new empress, Tian Hua said to his colleagues, "If Zhiwan does not speak out, I will sever all ties with him.
" Zhiwan was Zou Hao's courtesy name. When Hao offended the emperor, Tian Hua was already ill and had returned to his residence in Xu. Upon hearing that Hao was leaving the capital, he went to welcome him despite his illness. Hao and his companion wept. Tian Hua said sternly, "Zhiwan is utterly lacking in integrity. Even if you had remained silent and preserved your position, you might have suddenly fallen ill with a cold and died within five days without sweating. Why must one go to such lengths to die? As the ancients said, 'A martyr sacrifices his life for fame. Do not regret your past actions.' There are many other examples of people who have preserved their reputation and integrity." Zou Hao readily accepted the advice. When Hao was appointed as an official in the Censorate, his mother, Zhang, told him to his face, "The responsibility of an official in the Censorate is to advise the emperor. If you can truly serve the country loyally and be worthy of public opinion, I will be pleased! You need not have any other worries." Wang Hui, a clerk in the Court of Imperial Clan Affairs, was deeply moved by Hao's mother's words. When Hao was exiled to the south, no one dared to inquire about him. Wang Hui gathered his friends and pooled their money to prepare Hao's belongings, managed his affairs, and comforted Hao's mother. A patrolman reported this, and Wang Hui was arrested and imprisoned. Wang Hui calmly faced the court proceedings. The censor asked him if he had conspired with Zou Hao.
He then resolutely said, "I dare not deceive you; I have told you the truth." He then recited Zou Hao's memorial, which consisted of over two thousand words, and was subsequently removed from the prison. Wang Hui then walked out of the capital gate.
Emperor Zhezong was naturally overjoyed to have Liu as his empress. All the officials in the court said that Empress Liu was fortunate to be empress, which was why she had given birth to a son so early. However, this prince, named Mao, suddenly fell ill after only two months, crying incessantly, refusing to eat or drink, and died young. Empress Liu was grieving when Emperor Zhezong himself fell ill. He barely survived the second year of the Yuanfu era, but on New Year's Day of the third year, he was bedridden, exempt from court ceremonies, and died on the eighth day of the first month, at the age of twenty-five. In total, Emperor Zhezong reigned for fifteen years, changing the era name three times.
When Emperor Zhezong died, Empress Dowager Xiang summoned the ministers to discuss the succession. Zhang Dun protested, "According to the rites and laws, the successor should be his younger brother, Prince Jian." Empress Dowager Xiang said, "I have no sons, and all the princes are sons of Emperor Shenzong by illegitimate children; we cannot make such a distinction." Dun then said, "If the eldest son is to be chosen, it should be Prince Shen." The Empress Dowager said, "Prince Shen is ill and unfit to rule; Prince Duan should be chosen instead." Dun then loudly declared, "Prince Duan is frivolous and unfit to rule the world." Zeng Bu, standing nearby, rebuked him, "Zhang Dun has never discussed this with us. If the Empress Dowager has spoken, we wholeheartedly agree." Cai Jing and Xu Jiang also chimed in, "We must follow the imperial decree." Isolated and helpless, Zhang Dun could not argue and could only remain silent. The Empress Dowager then proclaimed the decree, summoning Prince Duan to the palace, where he ascended the throne before the coffin, becoming Emperor Huizong. The court officials requested that the Empress Dowager jointly handle important military and state affairs, but she said, "The successor is too old; there is no need for him to remain in the palace." Emperor Huizong tearfully pleaded
with the Empress Dowager to assume the reins of government, and only then did she agree. Huizong was the eleventh son of Emperor Shenzong, and his mother was Consort Chen. After Emperor Shenzong's death, Consort Chen stayed at the imperial mausoleum and died of grief. Upon Huizong's ascension to the throne, he posthumously honored her as Empress Dowager and conferred upon the former Empress Liu of Emperor Zhezong the title of Empress Yuanfu. The Empress Dowager recalled that when Emperor Zhezong was alive, he had spoken of deposing Empress Meng, saying that Zhang Dun had misled her and ruined her reputation. Therefore, she wanted to restore Empress Meng's title. Coincidentally, a commoner named He Wenzheng knelt before the palace and submitted a memorial stating that Empress Meng was innocent. Thus, Empress Meng's title was restored, and she was called Empress Yuanyou, and she entered the palace. The Empress Dowager appointed her elder brother Shen Bi as Grand Tutor and promoted him to Prince of Chen; her younger brother, Prince Xin, was promoted to Prince of Wei; Prince Feng was promoted to Prince of Cai; Prince Mu was promoted to Prince Ding; and Zhang Dun was specially promoted to Duke of Shen. Han Zhongyan was appointed as Vice Minister of the Chancellery, and Huang Lü as Left Vice Minister of the Ministry of Personnel. His wife, Lady Wang, was made Empress. She was the daughter of Wang Zao, the Prefect of Dezhou. In the second year of the Yuanfu era, she returned to
the Duan residence and was once granted the title of Lady of Shun. Emperor Huizong then received the court's congratulations at the Zichen Hall. Han Zhongyan first presented four points: first, to extend benevolent grace; second, to open channels for public opinion; third, to dispel doubts; and fourth, to refrain from military action.
The Empress Dowager read the memorial and greatly praised it! Gong Kuai was also promoted to Palace Attendant Censor, and Chen Guan and Zou Hao were summoned to serve as Left and Right Advisors. An Dun entered and objected, saying, "How can we face the late Emperor if Zou Hao is reinstated?" Emperor Huizong angrily replied, "On the important matter of establishing an Empress, the Palace Attendant Censor remained silent, only Hao dared to speak out. How can he not be reinstated?" An Dun turned pale and withdrew. Chen Guan impeached An Dun for deceiving the Emperor and for recklessly inviting him to private meetings. He argued that if the Emperor's likes and dislikes were to be clearly indicated, it should begin with An Dun. An Dun was then appointed Prefect of Tanzhou. Han Zhongyan requested the recall of the officials from the Yuanyou era, and thus sent an envoy to Yongzhou, bestowing upon Fan Chunren tea and medicine, inquiring about his eye ailment, and ordering him to relocate to Dengzhou. Chunren traveled north from Yongzhou, and en route received another imperial edict appointing him Grand Academician of the Guanwen Hall. The edict contained four lines: "Not only is this honor of virtue and seniority a clear indication of favor, but it also aims to provide forthright opinions and wise counsel, and daily remonstrances." Chunren wept and thanked the emperor, saying, "Does the emperor truly intend to employ me? I would gladly die for this duty." Upon arriving in Dengzhou, he received another edict urging him to return to court. Chunren requested to return home to recuperate, and Fan Chunli was then summoned to serve as Right Vice Minister of the Ministry of Personnel.
Su Shi was also moved from Changhua Army to Lianzhou, then to Yongzhou, and after three pardons, he was appointed to oversee the Yuju Temple, then moved to Changzhou, where he died of illness not long after. Su Shi's writing was like flowing clouds and water; his humor, anger, and satire all became literary works. He was hailed as a prodigy at the time, but he was always obstructed by petty people and could not hold a high position in the court for long! Scholars often sighed incessantly.
Emperor Huizong also issued an edict allowing Liu Zhi and Lun Tao to return to their hometowns for burial, and reinstated their descendants. He also posthumously restored the official ranks of more than thirty people, including Sima Guang, Wen Yanbo, Lü Gongzhuo, Lü Dafang, Liu Zhi, and Wang Gui. Following the advice of the censors, Cai Jing was demoted to the position of Junior Secretary of the Imperial Library and assigned to Chizhou, while Xing Shu was exiled to Shuzhou. Empress Dowager Xiang saw that Emperor Huizong's early reign was enlightened, appointing the virtuous and dismissing the wicked, which pleased both the people and the public. Therefore, she decided to return power to Emperor Huizong and let him preside over the court himself. She withdrew from the regency in July, and her total regency lasted only six months. She can be called a virtuous empress dowager who did not covet power.
When the Song Dynasty was established, whenever an emperor died, the prime minister was appointed as the envoy to oversee the imperial mausoleum. Zhang Dun was given this post as usual. However, in August, when Emperor Zhezong was buried at Yongtai Mausoleum, the coffin became stuck in the mud. The court was greatly alarmed upon learning of this! The censors and remonstrators submitted memorials impeaching Zhang Dun.
How Emperor Huizong will deal with this remains to be seen; let's find out in the next chapter.

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