Women's Army

page views:1 Publication date:2023-03-24

In 19**, a revolution broke out in China, and the revolutionary army rose up. The revolutionary regime in the south confronted the warlord forces in the north. The revolutionary regime launched a three-pronged attack on the northern warlords. The elite of the Northern Expeditionary Army was deployed, but the rear was in dire straits with no troops to defend and the base areas were empty. To solve the problem of insufficient manpower, the revolutionary regime accepted the advice of foreign advisors and decided to follow the trend of women's liberation and recruit women aged 15-45 into the Northern Expeditionary Army on a large scale. Young female students who had accepted revolutionary ideas and liberated working women enthusiastically signed up to join the army. The revolutionary regime eventually selected more than 30,000 people and formed three women's divisions based on the original women's guard regiment of the revolutionary government. Liu Yigang was appointed as the commander of the 1st Women's Division, Qiu Jing as the commander of the 2nd Women's Division, and Zhang Qianqiu as the commander of the 3rd Women's Division. Each division had three regiments under its command, and the famous female revolutionary Xiang Jingyu was appointed as the commander. The first "Women's Military Academy" was established, known as the "Women's Whampoa". The women's troops of the revolutionary army were officially named the "Revolutionary Women's Army".
From its inception, the women's corps took over from the main force of the Northern Expedition, responsible for defending key transportation routes, granaries, and supply lines from the southern base areas to the front lines. They thwarted successive large-scale attacks by northern warlords on the base areas, and through hundreds of defensive battles, the women's corps grew stronger with each battle.
To alleviate the pressure of fighting on three fronts, the revolutionary regime, after assessing the fighting capacity of the women's corps, began to gradually transfer some of the stronger women's corps to participate in auxiliary offensive campaigns. Six months later, the battle line advanced to the Yangtze River basin, further stretching the front and straining troop strength. The revolutionary regime decided to take a gamble, assigning the women's corps, whose strength rivaled that of men, to some main offensive tasks. At the same time, they established technical branches such as a women's aerial reconnaissance brigade mainly composed of returned overseas Chinese women and a women's armored regiment. From then on, the women's corps undoubtedly became a main force on the Northern Expedition battlefield.
After a series of victories in the early stages of the Northern Expedition, a strong sense of complacency permeated the Women's Army, especially among the female generals defending the rear lines, who generally relaxed their vigilance against the Northern Army's desperate struggle. One dark night, the Northern Army launched a surprise attack with three divisions on Macheng, a key supply town defended by the Women's Army's 1st Women's Division, known as the "Mu Guiying Regiment." Caught off guard, the female commanders of Macheng, Wang Xiaolan and Zhang Dongmei , led their female soldiers in a fierce resistance.
Due to the suddenness of the attack and the overwhelming disparity in strength, Macheng fell within minutes of the Northern Army's general offensive. The "Mu Guiying Regiment" was almost completely annihilated, with over two hundred female soldiers killed in action, and nearly a thousand more falling into enemy hands on various positions. Commanders Wang Xiaolan and Zhang Dongmei, after sending a distress telegram to the 1st Women's Division headquarters, were also captured in their command post. The Northern Expeditionary Army's stockpiled grain and fodder in the rear were also looted.
The Northern Army's decisive victory over the All-Women's Army marked the first time they had captured so many female prisoners in a single battle, especially the two female generals, Wang Xiaolan and Zhang Dongmei, both at the regimental level. The Northern Army leaders were overjoyed, and a large contingent escorted the captured female soldiers back to their lines.
Previously, in sporadic battles, the Northern Army's frontline troops would occasionally capture a few non-combat women from the All-Women's Army, such as female drivers, medics, and signalmen. These were usually interrogated and then killed on the spot. Even when they occasionally captured a female platoon leader from a combat unit, they treated her like a precious treasure, parading her through the streets in handcuffs and shackles before sending her to headquarters to claim credit and rewards. Therefore, shortly after this "great victory," the frontline Northern Army troops faced a dilemma: what to do with so many high-ranking female prisoners?
They telegraphed the rear, requesting the immediate construction of a new prison specifically for women.
Upon receiving the telegram, the Northern Warlord Headquarters immediately commissioned Japan to design and manufacture a batch of female torture instruments. Japanese advisors taught the Northern Army soldiers how to use these "female tortures." Simultaneously, laborers were forcibly conscripted from various regions to build a brand-new "female prisoner-of-war camp" in Zaoyi, Hubei. When the laborers saw the captured female soldiers, their uniforms tattered and shackles clanking, being kicked and beaten by the enemy as they were led into the newly constructed women's prison, they wept bitterly. The two captured female soldiers, regimental commander Wang Xiaolan and political commissar Zhang Dongmei, received special "care" from the enemy in prison. They were paraded through the streets daily in handcuffs and shackles, enduring all sorts of shameless torture. Even more abhorrently, whenever the enemy attacked a stronghold of the women's army, they would tie them to the front lines and subject them to the vile "female tortures" on the battlefield, thus humiliating the women's army.
Upon receiving the report of the defeat of the "Mu Guiying Regiment," and especially after learning of the capture of its female commander, Wang Xiaolan, Liu Yigang, the commander of the First Women's Division, was overcome with grief and dismay. The captured female general, Wang Xiaolan, was a revolutionary young woman who had returned from studying abroad and was a close confidante whom Liu Yigang had personally promoted. Liu Yigang considered Wang Xiaolan a highly educated and capable female commander, surpassing many of the more experienced female commanders over 35 years old in the women's army. Therefore, despite Wang Xiaolan's young age of only 28 and lack of combat experience, Liu Yigang made an exception and promoted her to a high-ranking position in the women's army. The youngest female regimental commander, Liu Yigang, was filled with shame and indignation when she saw photos in captured enemy newspapers of Wang Xiaolan, the "flower of the women's army," being branded on the breasts with iron, and especially of Zhang Dongmei, the 40-year-old female political commissar, being subjected to the torture of "burning her lower body with fire." She immediately ordered another female general, Wang Guiying, to lead more than a thousand female soldiers of the "Northern Expedition Women's Vanguard Regiment" to attack the "female prisoner-of-war concentration camp" in Zaoyi, Hubei, in order to rescue the captured sisters, especially several female commanders at the battalion level and above.

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